Then the Tinker said, "O young man, know that the basis of all type of goodness is funded on knowing that what Allah wills, ocurs, and what He does not will, never ocurs. This kowledge should make you certain that whatever good deeds a performed, were performed by His bounty, so that you thank Him for them and beg Him not to discontinue them from you. This knowledge should also direct you to feel certain that committing sins occurs because of Allah not helping those who commit them and a form of punishment fom Him. You should therefore beg Him to prevent you from committing sins and never abandon you reliant on yourself with regards to performing the good deeds and abandoning sins, but help you by His Grace to obey Him and abandon what He has prohibited.
Now, let us speak about the one who was the first to be given royal authority and was shown favor by Allah but was ungrateful for it. Having denied Allah's divine Lordship, he was proud and overbearing toward his Rabb and was therefore deprived by Allah of His divine favor and shamed and humiliated.
Allah, Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, had created Iblis beautiful. He had ennobled and honored him and reportedly made him ruler over the lower heaven and the earth. In addition, He had made him one of the keepers of Paradise. But he became overbearing toward his Lord and claimed divine lordship for himself and reportedly called on those under his control to worship him. Therefore, Allah transformed him into a stoned Satan. He, Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, deformed him and deprived him of the benefits He had granted him. He cursed him and drove him out of His heavens in the fleeting present world and then gave to him and his followers and partisans the Fire of Hell as their place of residence in the other world. We take refuge in Allah for protection against His divine wrath and against whatever action brings a person close to His wrath and against getting into trouble.
According to Ibn Jarir at-Tabari, from narrations of the Companion of the Prophets, radhiyallahu 'anhum, that Iblis was a keeper of Paradise. His name was al-Harit, in other narration, Iblis was named 'Azazil. Allah created the angels on Wednesday. He created the jinn on Thursday, and He created Adam on Friday. Iblis had the authority to rule over the lower heaven as well as the earth. All the angels were created from light. The jinn mentioned in the Qur'an were created "from a bright flame (marij) of fire"— (marij being) a tongue of fire blazing on its side(s and top). And Allah created man from clay. The first to dwell on earth were the jinn. Two thousand years before Adam's creation, the Jinn had shed blood. They caused corruption on earth and shed blood and killed each other. Allah sent Iblis to them with an army of angels. They were that tribal group called jinn. Iblis and those with him caused a bloodbath among them and eventually banished them to the islands in the oceans and the mountainsides. His success went to his head, and he said, "I have done something nobody has ever done before." Allah was aware of how Iblis felt, but the angels who were with him were not.
Then Allah created Adam and that well-known episode of Iblis' disobedience to his Lord occurred. One of the events that took place in the days of the rule and royal authority of Iblis was Allah's creation of our father Adam, the father of mankind. That was as follows: As the angels did not know about Iblis' involvement with haughtiness, Allah wanted to make them aware of it and to show them what had gone wrong with Iblis when he was about, to be ruined and lose his royal authority and rule. In this connectibn, Allah said to the ahgels, "I am placing on earth a vicegerent." They replied, "Will You place on it one who will cause corruption on it and shed blood?" It has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that the angels said exactly that, noticing what the jinn, who were dwellers on earth before, were doing. When their Lord said to the angels:"I am placing on earth a vicegerent," they asked, "Will You place on it one who will behave like the jinn who, when on earth, shed blood there and caused corruption and were disobedient to You, whereas we praise and sanctify You"? The Lord now said to them: "I know what you do not know."
According to At-Tabari, Allah means to say, "I know about Iblis' involvement with overbearance which you do not know. I know that he intends to oppose my command and that he has been nticed to wrongdoing and futile self-deception. I am going to show you this attitude of his, so that you can see it with your own eyes." But according to Ibn Kathir, what is meant, Allah Ta'ala wants to create Adam his descendants who come in turns. Allah Ta'ala delivered this matter to the Angels as a form of glorification of the creation of Adam and his descendants, as well as the great case before His creation.
Allah then sent Gabriel to the earth to bring Him some of its clay. The earth said, 'I take refuge in Allah against your taking something away from me and mutilating me.' So Gabriel returned without having taken (any clay) and said, 'My Lord, the earth took refuge in You, and I granted it its wish'. Allah then sent Michael, and exactly the same thing happened. Then He sent the angel of death. When the earth took refuge in Allah against him, he said, 'I take refuge in Allah against returning without having executed His command.' So he took some soil from the face of the earth and made a mixture. He did not take the soil from a single place but took red, white, and black soil." Therefore, the children of Adam came out different. He went up with the soil, then moistened it so it would become "sticky clay" - lazib ("sticky") means something that adheres to something else. Then (the moistened soil) was left to change and become stinking (muntin).
According to Abu Dawud from Sa'id bin Jubayr, "He was named Adam just because he was created from the skin (adim) of the earth." According to Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), "Allah created Adam from a handful (of soil) which He took from the entire earth. Thus, the children of Adam came to correspond to the earth in being red, black, white, or (colors) in between, and in being plain or rugged, unpleasant or pleasant. The clay from which Adam was made was moistened until it became "sticky clay," then was left to become stinking slime, and then salsaal ("dry clay" or "potter's clay"), as Allah says, "We created man from dry clay from stinking slime."
So Allah created Adam as a human being. He was a body of clay for forty years the extent of Friday, in another narration, it remained lying around as a body (jasad) for forty nights. Iblis used to come to it and kick it with his foot, whereupon it made sounds. Then (Iblis) entered Adam's mouth and left from his posterior, and he entered his posterior and left from his mouth. Then he said, 'You are not something for making sounds (salsalah). What, then, were you created for? If I am given authority over you, I shall ruin you, and if you are given authority over me, I shall disobey you.'
At the time, Allah wanted to blow the spirit into Adam, He said to the angels, 'When I blow some of My spirit into him, prostrate yourselves before him!' When Allah blew some of His spirit into into Adam, was by way of his head. Wherever something of Allah's spirit began to move in Adam's body, it became flesh and blood. When the blown spirit reached his navel, he looked at his body and was pleased to see its beauty. He attempted to get up but could not. This is (meant) where Allah says, "Man was created of haste" meaning distressed, with no patience for either fortunate. When the blown spirit had completely pervaded his body, Adam sneezed. By divine inspiration, and in another narration, the angels said, 'Say: "Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds!!, " and he did. Whereupon Allah said to him, 'May your Lord show mercy into you!' When the spirit entered his eyes, he looked at the fruits of Paradise, and when it entered his belly, he craved food. So he jumped up, before the spirit reached his feet, in his haste to get at the fruits of Paradise.
So, all the angels together prostrated themselves, except Iblis. He refused to be with those prostrating themselves. He refused and was overbearing, being one of the unbelievers.When Allah said to Iblis, "What prevented you from prostrating yourself, as I commanded you?" Iblis said, 'I am better than he, I am not one to prostrate myself before a human being You have created from clay.' Whereupon Allah said to him, 'Fall down from Paradise! It is not yours to be overbearing in it. So leave! You are one of the mean beings." Iblis said: "Allow me respite till the Day they are raised up (Day of Resurrection)." Allah said: "You are of those allowed respite." Iblis said: "Because You have sent me astray, surely I will sit in wait against them (human beings) on Your Straight Path. Then I will come to them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left and You will not find most of them as thankful ones (they will not be dutiful to You)." Allah said, "Get out of Paradise, reproached and expelled. Whoever follows you among them - I will surely fill Hell with you, all together."
[Part 2]Iblis refused to prostrate himself, Allah "be deviled" him, that is, He eliminated any hope for him to attain some good and made him a stoned Satan as punishment for his disobedience. The angels became fully aware of what had been concealed to them about Iblis, and they realized that among them there was one who was disobedient to Allah and opposed to His command.
Adam sat down, His Rabb said to him, "Go to that multitude of angels and say to them, 'Peace be upon you!' Adam went and said to them, 'Peace be upon you!' and the angels responded, 'And upon you be peace and the mercy of Allah !' Adam then returned to his Lord Who said to him, 'This is your greeting and the greeting for your progeny to use among themselves."
And Allah taught Adam all the name of everything, down to bit and little bit, fart and wind, the names of all that Allah has created. Allah taught him the name of everything, These are horses, these are mules, and camels, jinn, wild animals. And he began to call everything by its name. He taught Adam all the names, 'This is a mountain, this is such-and-such, and that is such-and-such."
When Allah taught Adam all the names, Allah presented those bearing names to the angels and said to them: "Tell Me the names of these, if you speak the truth." As mentioned, Allah said this to the angels only because, when He said to them, "I am placing on earth a vicegerent," they had said. "Will You place on it one who will cause corruption on it and shed blood, whereas we praise and sanctify You?" Thus, after having created Adam and having blown the spirit into him and having taught him the names of everything He had created, he presented them to the angels and said to them, "Tell Me the names of these, if you speak the truth," which is that if I place one of you as My vicegerent on earth, you will obey, praise, and sanctify Me and not be disobedient. If I place someone not belonging to you as My vicegerent on earth, he will cause corruption and shed blood. Now, if you do not know their names, although you can observe and see them with your own eyes, it is more likely that you will not know what will happen with you, if I place one of you as My vicegerent on earth, or with others, if I place one of them as My vicegerent on earth, when they are out of your sight and you do not see them with your own eyes, and you have not been informed what you or they will do. This is what a number of early Muslims have said, as transmitted on their authority.
Iblis was driven out of Paradise when he was cursed, and Adam was settled in Paradise. Adam used to go about there all alone, not having a spouse to dwell with. He fell asleep, and when he woke up, he found sitting at his head a woman who had been created by Allah from his rib. He asked her what she was, and she replied, "A woman". He asked for what purpose she had been created, and she replied, "For you to dwell with me." The angels, looking to find out the extent of Adam's knowledge, asked him her name. He replied, "Hawwa". When the angels asked why she was called Hawwa', he replied, "Because she was created from a living thing."
Allah said, "Adam, dwell you and your spouse in Paradise! Eat freely of its plenty wherever you wish but do not go near this tree, or you will be wrongdoers."
Now we shall discuss how Allah tested the obedience of our father Adam and afflicted him for failing the test, how Adam was disobedient to his Lord after Allah had given him honor and high rank
with Him and enabled him to enjoy wholesome plenty in Allah's Paradise, and how he lost all of that and went from the luxury and pleasurable and plentiful way of life in Paradise to the miserable way of life of the inhabitants of the earth: tilling, hoeing, and planting the soil.
When Allah settled Adam and his spouse in His Paradise, He permitted them to eat of whatever fruit they wished, except the fruit of one tree. This was to afflict them and have Allah's judgement
on them and their progeny come to pass, as Allah says, "Adam, dwell you and your spouse in Paradise! Eat freely of its plenty wherever you wish, but do not go near this tree, or you will be wrongdoers." When Adam entered Paradise and saw the generous plenty there and the share of it given to him by Allah, he said, "Would we could live eternally!" When Satan heard him say that, he recognized it as Adam's weak spot, and he approached him by means of the issue of eternal life.
Iblis wanted to go and meet them in Paradise, but the keepers of Paradise prevented him from entering. He went to the snake, an animal with four feet as if it were a camel-it seemed like one of the most beautiful of animals. Iblis talked to it trying to persuade it to let him enter its mouth and take him in to Adam. The snake let him do it, passed by the keepers, and entered without their knowledge, because that was Allah's plan. Now, Iblis talked to Adam from the mouth of the snake, but Adam paid no attention to what he said. So Iblis went out to him and said, "Adam, may I lead you to the tree of eternity and a rule that never decays? I am one of those who give you good advice."
From his reading of the books of the angels, he knew, what Adam did not, that they had secret parts. Their clothes were al-zufr. Adam refused to eat from the tree, but Hawwa' came forward and ate. Then she said, "Eat, Adam! For I have, and it has done me no harm." But when Adam ate, their secret parts became apparent to them, and they started to cover themselves with leaves of Paradise stitched together."
In another narration, it is stated that Iblis, the enemy of Allah, proposed to the animals on earth that they should take him into Paradise, so that he could speak with Adam and his spouse, but every animal refused. Finally, he spoke to the snake and said to it, "If you take me into Paradise, I shall shield you from the descendants of Adam, and you will be under my protection." The snake put him between two of its fangs and took him in. Iblis talked to Adam and his spouse from the snake's mouth. The snake was dressed and walking on four feet, but Allah then undressed it and made it walk on its belly.
When Adam and Hawwa' committed the sin of eating from the forbidden tree, Allah drove them out of Paradise and deprived them of the luxury and generous plenty they had enjoyed. He threw them, their enemy Iblis, and the snake down to earth. The Lord said to them, "Fall down being one another's enemy!"
The wayfarer asked, "Where was the place on earth to which Adam and Hawwa' came when they were cast down?" The tinker said, "Many opinions about this. Some say, before sunset of the day-Friday-on which Allah had created Adam. It should be noted that the calculation of the time in which Allah mentions creation is different from the calculation of our time. For example, according to Ibnu Jarir at-Tabari, that Adam was created in the last hour of the sixth day of the days of which each measures a thousand of our years. The conclusion is that a single hour of the hours of that day was eighty-three of our years. The duration of Adam and Hawwa's stay in Paradise was five hours of that day. It has also been said, three hours. Some said: Adam was driven out from Paradise in the ninth or
tenth hour. So, you can multiply it according to Ibn Jarir's opinion to see the difference.
Now Allah cast him down from heaven together with his spouse. According to the early scholars of our Prophet's nation, Allah brought him down in India, saome said that Adam was cast down upon a mountain in India called Nudh. Others said, "Rather, Adam was cast down in Sarandib (Ceylon) upon a mountain called Nudh, Hawwa' in Juddah of the land of Mecca, Iblis in Maysan, and the snake in Isbahan. It has also been said that the snake was cast down in the desert (al-barriyyah), and Iblis on the shore of the sea of al-Ubullah.
According to Ata' bin Abi Rabah, Adam missed what he used to hear from the angels and felt lonely so much so that he eventually complained about it to Allah in his various prayers. He was therefore sent to Mecca. On the way, every place where he set foot became a village, and the interval between his steps became a desert, until he reached Mecca. Allah sent down a jewel or yaqut or ruby of Paradise where the House is located today. Adam continued to circumambulate it, until Allah sent down the Flood. That jewel was lifted up, until Allah sent His friend Abraham to rebuild the House in its later form.
Accrding to Qatadah, "Adam's size was reduced to sixty cubits (30 meters). Adam was sad because he missed the voices and praisegiving of the angels. He complained about it to Allah, and Allah said, "Adam, I have cast down a house for you to circumambulate, as one circumambulates My Throne, and to pray at it as one prays at My Throne." Adam left and went off. His steps were lengthened, and the interval between each two steps became a desert. These deserts continued to exist afterwards. Adam came to the House, and he and the prophets after him circumambulated it."
The tinker then said, "O young man, this life, in which the son of Adam dwells, has obvious riches and delights such as clothes, foods, drinks, etc. All these aspects provide the necessary provisions and sustenance for one's journey back to Allah. Mankind needs these provisions, but just in the right amounts and from lawful resources; such are the praised believers who take from this ife what they are allowed and permitted. Those who take more than what is necessary, in greediness, will become among the admonished ones. Indeed, even though greed collects wealth, it turns what is essentially useful into the harmful that busies one from seeking his benefit and earning what is useful in essence. We should also assert that one is ordered to take from this life what is necessary for his survival; one's body and means of livelihood are necessary for him to sustain his life. The middle and best way, is the safest way: taking the necessary provisions for one to continue the journey through this life. If what one takes from this life is a part of what he desires but lawful and from lawful resources, then giving the heart what it desires in this case helps it fulfill its need and satisfy its right.
It is permissible to collect wealth from pure and lawful resources and spend it lawfully and without extravagance; this is an act of worship with which the Muslim draws close to Allah. If one collects the riches of this life from unlawful resources and spends his wealth on unlawful means and ways, then it is the worst provision that will accompany him to the Fire. Surely, the life of this world is short, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, ""What have I to do with this life? The parable of me and this life is the parable of a rider who rested in the shade of a tree and then departed." In Surah Ghafir [40]:39, this life is described as, "...this worldly life is only [temporary] enjoyment, and indeed, the Hereafter - that is the home of [permanent] settlement." Those who are fond of this life, with its passing enjoyment, and work hard to collect its processions, will be too busy to worship and obey Allah and tofu fill their Islamic duties and responsibilities perfectly and on time. And Allah know best."
