Citations & References:"'The emperor penguin went on, 'Visiting sick non-Muslims is considered piety, Allah says, 'Allah does not forbid you from dealing kindly and fairly with those who have neither fought nor driven you out of your homes. Surely Allah loves those who are fair.' [QS. Al-Mumtahana (60):7]Once, the Prophet (ﷺ) visited a sick Jewish boy who used to servant him, and he said, 'embrace Islam,' So he embraced Islam. The Prophet (ﷺ) also visited his uncle Abu Thalib—who was never embrace Islam until his death—in his sickness.Taking part in the funerary procedures of a non-Muslim is not prohibited, since it not considered loyalty towards him in a forbidden matter. If a Muslim have a non-Muslim relative, and if the relative had no one else to wash his non-Muslim relative, so its permissible to do so. This included following his funeral procession, except in a forbidden matter. Should they have no money to cover expenses themselves, then expenses shoufd be taken from the public ireasury of Muslims, since we are commanded to feed and clothe him during his lifetime if he is incapable of doing so. Many jurists allowed following funerals of non-Muslims, since it counts as piety. It was narrated that the mother of AI-Harith bin Abu Rabiah died a Christian and he followed her funeral accompanied by group of Companions.The majority of scholars allowed visiting graves of non-Muslims, as there is no direct prohibition and visiting their graves is not a form of loyalty to them. Comforting non-Muslims, giving condolences, giving them your time, advising them to be patient and accept fate, are all not forbidden and count as piety which Allah ordered Muslims to have. Whoever says to a non-Muslim while comforting him any form of condolence that does not disagree with the rules of Islam, is not committing a forbidden act in Islam.Muslims during the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ) used to import clothes from Yemen, Egypt, and Sham (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan) before the people of these countries embraced Islam and used to wear them without washing them (as washing is the basic rule to ensure their purity). Among those from which the Muslims bought the garments from were Magi and polytheists. Ibn Taimiyah and Al-Khattaby mentioned that ibn Qudamah said, 'There is no disagreement between scholars about legality of prayer that is performed while wearing clothes that are woven by polytheists as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and his Companions used to wear clothes that were woven by polytheists.'Using vessels of non-Muslims is allowed. The Prophet's (ﷺ) hadiths prove the lawfulness of using the vessels of non-Muslims, both the People of the Book and polytheists. Jabir, radhiyallahu 'anhu, narrated, 'When we were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in a battle and found vessels and skins of the polytheists and used them, he did not object.' [Recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim]It is permissible for a Muslim to live in a non-Muslim country. The early Muslims migrated to Abyssinia which was not a Muslim country. Some scholars elaborated more by stating that there are three rulings regarding living in the non-Muslim country: first, it is not permissible for whose commitment to Islam is not strong enough; second, it is permissible for whose commitment to Islam is strong enough; third, it is obligatory for whose commitment to Islam is strong enough and is capable and willing to teach Islam. But if it is impossible or difficult to worship Allah, then the Muslim should migrate to wherever he can practice his religion and be accepted as a citizen or a resident. It is not necessary to migrate to an Islamic country because it is sometimes difficult to get admission and sometimes it is because some non-Muslim countries offer more freedom for a Muslim to practice and preach his religion.It is imperative that Muslims participate in the legislative committees in order to make others aware of the Muslims' needs, opinions and interests. Muslims may be able to contribute in making decisions that match Islamic teachings not because they are Islamic but because they best serve the public interest. Working together with others breaks the ice, removes misunderstanding, and develops understanding and mutual friendly relations. In other words, the intelligent Muslim, by serving the majority‟s government can help in realizing the Muslims interests as well as the majority's interests.Helping non-Muslim when oppressed is allowed, because Islam does not prevent Muslims from extending help to the oppressed when asked for it or a deal of this nature exists. Sometimes Islam encourages joint efforts to relieve grievances. In fact Islam refuses oppression even if the oppressor is a Muslim.Seeking the non-Muslims help is as allowed but a form of cooperation, which is encouraged provided that the benefit of this cooperation is greater than the risk, or otherwise the cooperation is a necessity.Exchanging gifts and congratulations with non-Muslim is allowed, because Allah bases social life between all people on the brotherhood of mankind, and does not limit transactions, love, and compliments to brotherhood in religion only. He, the Almaighty, says, 'O humanity! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may ˹get to˺ know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous among you. Allah is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware.' [QS. Al-Hujurat (49):13]Sayyid Qutb commenting on this verse, 'The One Who beckons you with the words 'O you mankind' is the One Who created you, He informed you of the reason you have been created in nations and tribes. This reason is not so that you fight and show each other hostility, but that you become acquainted with each other and live peacefully together. Differences in tongues, colors, natures, manners, talents and tendencies must not cause conflict and squabbling [over these differences]. You must cooperate to fulfill your role on earth and together meet your needs.'When Salman Al-Farisy first came to Madinah, he was not yet a Muslim. He knew that the Prophet (ﷺ) was dignified and would not accept charity. He entered upon the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, 'I respect your dignity and I present a gift to you, not a Sadaqah (charity).' The Prophet (ﷺ) extended his hand and ate, and so did the Companions. Al-Hafizh Al-'Iraqi commented on this, saying, 'This hadith shows the lawfulness of accepting gifts from a polytheist as Salman had not embraced Islam at that time.'Now, how Muslims should express disagreement with non-Muslims? It is one of Allah's great miracles in creation that people differ in their religions, race and languages. Allah says, 'And one of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your languages and colours. Surely in this are signs for those of ˹sound˺ knowledge.' [QS. Ar-Rum (30):22]And Allah says about their different creeds and laws, 'Had your Rabb so willed, He would have certainly made humanity one single community of believers, but they will always choose to differ—except those shown mercy by your Rabb—and so He created them to choose freely. And so the Word of your Rabb will be fulfilled, 'I will surely fill up Hell with jinn and humans all together.' [QS, Hud (11):118-119]And He, Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, says, 'We have revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ this Book with the truth, as a confirmation of previous Scriptures and a supreme authority on them. So judge between them by what Allah has revealed, and do not follow their desires over the truth that has come to you. To each of you We have ordained a code of law and a way of life. If Allah had willed, He would have made you one community, but His Will is to test you with what He has given ˹each of˺ you. So compete with one another in doing good. To Allah you will all return, then He will inform you ˹of the truth˺ regarding your differences.' [QS. Al-Maidah (5):48]Allah informed us that He will judge between people on the Day of Resurrection wherein they used to differ, so He did not leave us in vain, killing each other due to these differences especially since these differences are in Islamic principles, creed, and religion.''And so,' the emperor penguins concluded their chat, 'The history of Islam, since the beginning of its first state up to our contemporary age, supports the fact Islam is the only religion that recognized others and their rights. Throughout the history, one can not find even a single case in which Muslims coerced others to abandon their religions and convert to fslam. Rather, for anyone to embrace Islam, their faith and belief should be sincere and should be supported by their own willingness to commit themselves to the Shari'ah of Islam. On the contrary, anyone can see what Muslims are currently suffering and how are they treated, the matter that denies all religions and/or beliefs.'Then he looked around and said, 'It's getting late, let's go home bro!' And the two penguins walked together with their distinctive style while humming,Mau pergi, silakan,, mau datang, silakan[Want to go, please, want to come, please]Asal jangan main belakang[Just don't play backwards]Mau cuek, silakan, nggak cuek, silakan[Want to be ignorant, go ahead, don't be ignorant, please]Asal jangan kau permainkan[Just don't play it]Aku mah santuy, santai aja, cuy[I'm relaxed, just relax, friend]Kau nggak perlu repot gombalin aku, cuy[You don't need to bother messing with me, friend]Aku mah santuy, santai aja, cuy[I'm relaxed, just relax, friend]Kau nggak perlu repot ngurusin aku, cuy *)[You don't have to bother taking care of me, friend]Before parting ways with Flora, she said to me, 'Islam teaches its adherents to accept others and treat them very well not matter what religion they believe in, or whether they were Muslims or non-Muslims. We wish that both Muslims and non-Muslims, could benefit from knowing sound views on many of the misconceptions of Islam and getting answers to many of Ihe questions they might used to have. We hope to peacefully coexist and build social relations between Muslims and non-Muslims. And Allah knows best."
- Ibn Katheer, The Islamic View of Jesus (Peace be upon him), translated by Tamir Abu As-Su'ood Muhammad, Dar Al-Manarah
- Dr. Bilal Philips, The True Message of Jesus Christ, Dar Al Fatah
- Dar Abdul Rahman, Jesus and Christianity in the Perspective of Islam, Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Da'wah and Guidance Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Salim Al-Bahnasawy, Non-Muslims in the Shari'ah of Islam, translated by Bayan Translation Services, Dar An-Nashr Liljami'at
- Dr. Saeed Ismaeel Sieny, Muslim and non-Muslim Relation, Darul Fajr
*) "Santai Aja Cuy" written by Vic Ilir7
