"Petruk told Bagong some news, 'I heard that in the land of Ngalengkadiraja, Dasamuka wants Kumbakarna and Wisrawana to be the new governors.'Bagong replied, 'Word around town is, Dasamuka is planning to stash a load of 'enchanted ballots' for the upcoming local elections.'""In general, the function of a state project serves several key purposes that contribute to the overall development and governance of a country. State projects often focus on building and maintaining critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, airports, ports, water supply systems, and energy facilities. These projects are essential for economic growth, improving quality of life, and enhancing connectivity within and between regions.State projects are responsible for delivering essential public services that benefit society as a whole. This includes education facilities, healthcare centres, public housing, social welfare programs, and emergency services. They can stimulate economic activity through investment in infrastructure, which creates jobs, boosts local businesses, attracts private investment, and supports industries related to construction and manufacturing. They also often aim to promote social development by addressing social inequalities, providing access to basic services for marginalized communities, and fostering social cohesion through inclusive development policies," Seruni went on."State projects often aim to promote social development by addressing social inequalities, providing access to basic services for marginalized communities, and fostering social cohesion through inclusive development policies. Some state projects focus on environmental conservation, sustainable development practices, and mitigating the impact of human activities on natural ecosystems. This includes projects related to water management, renewable energy, waste management, and conservation efforts. They align with strategic national goals and policies set by the government. These goals may include regional development, urban planning, industrialization strategies, technological advancement, and enhancing national competitiveness.State projects serve as vehicles for implementing government policies, laws, and regulations. They translate legislative mandates into tangible actions and outcomes that benefit the public and support long-term policy objectives. Certain state projects, particularly those related to defence infrastructure, border security, and disaster preparedness, contribute to safeguarding national sovereignty, protecting citizens, and ensuring resilience against internal and external threats. In some cases, state projects focus on preserving and promoting cultural heritage sites, historical landmarks, and traditional practices that are integral to national identity and cultural diversity.Indonesia's Strategic National Projects (Proyek Strategis Nasional, PSN) are a series of infrastructure and development initiatives aimed at accelerating economic growth, improving connectivity, and enhancing the overall quality of life in the country. These projects are part of the broader vision outlined by the Indonesian government to transform the nation’s infrastructure landscape. The primary objective of PSN is to support Indonesia’s economic development by addressing critical infrastructure gaps. This includes transportation, energy, water resources, and telecommunications.The initiative was formalized under Presidential Regulation No. 3 of 2016, which was later amended by Presidential Regulation No. 58 of 2017 and Presidential Regulation No. 56 of 2018. These regulations set the framework for identifying, prioritizing, and implementing strategic projects. The Committee for Acceleration of Priority Infrastructure Delivery (Komite Percepatan Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas, KPPIP) was established to coordinate and oversee the implementation of PSN. This body ensures that projects are executed efficiently and align with national development goals.The projects have several key objectives including improving the country’s infrastructure to enhance connectivity, reduce logistic costs, and support economic activities across different regions. This includes building roads, bridges, airports, seaports, railways, and public transportation systems; to increase energy production and distribution to ensure a stable and reliable supply of electricity and other forms of energy. This involves developing power plants, renewable energy projects, and energy transmission networks; developing and managing water resources to ensure adequate supply for agriculture, industry, and domestic use. This includes building dams, irrigation systems, and water treatment facilities; expanding and improving telecommunications and digital infrastructure to support the country’s digital economy and increasing internet penetration, particularly in remote and underserved areas; promoting urban development and providing affordable housing to accommodate the growing population. This includes building new residential areas, public housing projects, and urban renewal initiatives.Some ongoing examples include the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road, a major infrastructure project aimed at improving connectivity across Sumatra Island. The toll road spans over 2,700 kilometres, linking major cities and economic centres. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems in Jakarta aim to reduce traffic congestion and provide efficient public transportation options. New Capital City (Nusantara), the plan to relocate Indonesia’s capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, called Nusantara, aims to address overpopulation and environmental issues in Jakarta and spur development in other regions. Various power plant projects, including coal, gas, and renewable energy sources, to increase electricity generation capacity and ensure energy security. And also the Development of irrigation systems and dams to support agricultural productivity and water management.Challenges and criticism are growing against the project. The government often relies on public-private partnerships (PPPs) to finance these projects. Securing sufficient funding and attracting private investment are significant challenges. Acquiring land for infrastructure projects can be contentious and time-consuming, often leading to delays and disputes with local communities.Large-scale infrastructure projects can have significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution. Balancing development with environmental sustainability is crucial. Projects can lead to displacement of communities and disruption of local livelihoods. Ensuring fair compensation and resettlement for affected populations is essential.Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2), one of Indonesia's Strategic National Projects (PSN), is a large-scale urban development project located in North Jakarta, Indonesia. It is an expansion of the original Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) area, which has already established itself as a prominent residential and commercial district. PIK 2 aims to further enhance the region's appeal by creating a modern, integrated urban environment that includes residential areas, commercial spaces, recreational facilities, and infrastructure. The development of Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) as part of Indonesia's Strategic National Projects (Proyek Strategis Nasional or PSN) is governed by specific regulations. Amendment to Presidential Regulation No. 3 of 2016 on the Acceleration of the Implementation of National Strategic Projects aims to accelerate the implementation of strategic national projects by providing a framework for prioritizing, funding, and expediting the development of key infrastructure and development initiatives across Indonesia. PIK 2, as a crusial urban development initiative, aligns with the goals of Presidential Regulation No. 109 of 2020 by contributing to urban modernization, economic growth, and regional development. The regulation helps ensure that PIK 2 receives the necessary support from government authorities, including expedited permits and regulatory approvals, to facilitate its development.The project is developed by Agung Sedayu Group and Salim Group, two of Indonesia’s leading property developers. These conglomerates have extensive experience in real estate development and have been involved in numerous high-profile projects across the country. PIK 2 offers a variety of housing options, including high-rise apartments, villas, and townhouses, catering to different segments of the market. The project is supposed to support Jakarta's broader urban development strategy, aiming to decongest the city centre and promote balanced regional growth.BSD City (Bumi Serpong Damai) is a prominent large-scale urban development project located in the Tangerang Regency, southwest of Jakarta, Indonesia. The project is designed to create a modern, self-sufficient city that offers a comprehensive range of residential, commercial, and recreational facilities. BSD City is one of the largest integrated urban developments in Indonesia and is a key component of the country's Strategic National Projects (PSN). BSD City, as a major urban development initiative, aligns with the goals of Presidential Regulation No. 109 of 2020 by contributing to urban modernization, economic growth, and regional development.BSD City is developed by Sinarmas Land, a subsidiary of the Sinarmas Group, one of Indonesia’s largest and most diversified conglomerates. The project has been in development since the early 1980s and has grown over the decades. BSD City offers a variety of housing options, including high-rise apartments, gated communities, and affordable housing projects, catering to a diverse range of residents. The project includes numerous shopping malls, office complexes, business districts, and mixed-use developments to support economic activities.You can Imagine PIK 2 and BSD City as 'The Venice of Jakarta but with Dragons' a futuristic, eco-friendly city where sleek skyscrapers kiss the clouds and smart homes anticipate your every need. As you navigate through the canals on gondolas, you'll be flanked not just by high-end boutiques and gourmet restaurants, but also by digital art installations featuring mythical dragons—but does this dragon reflect Indonesian folklore or which people, who knows?BSD City has faced criticism for displacing local communities and altering traditional land uses. Concerns have been raised about the environmental impact of the development, including loss of green spaces and increased pollution. The project primarily caters to middle and upper-class residents, potentially exacerbating economic inequalities. There are allegations that the project has benefited from political connections and favourable treatment, raising questions about transparency and fairness.The development of BSD City highlights the divide between urban expansion and rural preservation, contributing to socio-political tensions. Perceptions of elite capture and preferential treatment can undermine public trust in government and developers, fueling socio-political discontent. The creation of exclusive urban enclaves can impact social cohesion, leading to increased segregation and socio-economic disparities.Critics argue that the development of PIK 2 has led to the displacement of local communities, particularly those living in traditional fishing villages and agricultural areas. There are concerns about the environmental impact of large-scale land reclamation and construction activities, including the potential loss of natural habitats and increased risk of flooding.Some critics highlight the project’s potential to exacerbate economic inequality, as it primarily caters to the upper-middle class and wealthy segments of society. There are allegations that political connections and favourable treatment have facilitated the rapid approval and development of the project, raising questions about transparency and governance.The perception of preferential treatment and lack of transparency can undermine public trust in government institutions and fuel socio-political tensions. The development of exclusive urban enclaves like PIK 2 may contribute to social fragmentation and economic segregation, impacting social cohesion. The project reflects broader tensions between local communities’ needs and centralized planning priorities, highlighting challenges in balancing regional development with national strategies.Evaluation carried out by Dr. Ir. Muhammad Said Didu, provides us with a more in-depth look at this project. Said Didu (born 2 May 1962) is an Indonesian engineer, former secretary of BUMN from 2005-2010, Independent Commissioner of PTPN IV for the period 2006-2008, President Commissioner of PTPN IV in 2008, and Commissioner of PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA) 2015 and Staff Specifically for the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources in 2014.Critics of the PIK 2 project have raised concerns about the displacement of local communities and the creation of an exclusive enclave, drawing parallels to its predecessor, PIK 1. The development of large-scale projects like PIK2 often involves significant land acquisition, which can lead to the displacement of existing residents. Critics argue that the local populations, particularly those with lower incomes, are being forced to move without adequate compensation or support for relocation. This disruption can impact their livelihoods, social networks, and access to services.PIK 1 has been criticized for creating an exclusive community predominantly inhabited by the affluent Chinese-Indonesian population. The area developed its own set of rules and amenities, effectively functioning as a self-contained "country within a country."The term 'country within a country' typically refers to a specific area or region within a nation that operates with a high degree of autonomy, often having its distinct laws, governance, and sometimes even cultural identity, separate from the broader national framework. This can manifest in various ways, including special economic zones, enclaves, or regions with unique administrative arrangements.The region may have its governing bodies, legal systems, and administrative structures that operate independently from the national government. This can include local parliaments, councils, or other decision-making institutions. The area may have laws and regulations that differ significantly from those of the surrounding country. This can cover areas such as taxation, business practices, environmental regulations, and civil rights. Special economic zones or regions with significant economic autonomy can develop distinct economic policies, trade practices, and attract foreign investment in ways that set them apart from the rest of the country. The area may have a unique cultural, ethnic, or linguistic identity that distinguishes it from the broader national population. This can lead to a sense of regional identity that feels separate from the national identity. The region may have limited integration with the rest of the country in terms of infrastructure, social policies, or public services, further reinforcing its distinctiveness.For examples, Hong Kong and Macau (China), both are Special Administrative Regions (SARs) with their own legal systems, governments, and economic policies, operating under the principle of 'one country, two systems.' Greenland has extensive self-government and autonomy over most domestic affairs, although it remains part of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kurdistan Region has its own government, military forces, and considerable autonomy from the Iraqi central government, including control over its internal affairs. Areas like Shenzhen in China, which have distinct economic policies and regulatory frameworks designed to attract foreign investment and spur economic growth, can sometimes operate with significant autonomy.In the context of PIK 1 and PIK 2 in Indonesia, critics use the term 'country within a country' to highlight several issues. PIK 1 has been criticized for creating an exclusive community, predominantly catering to affluent Chinese-Indonesians, which can lead to social segregation and economic disparity. These areas may have their own sets of rules and governance structures, separate from the broader regulatory and administrative framework of Jakarta or Indonesia as a whole. The infrastructure, services, and community within PIK 1 (and potentially PIK 2) might not integrate well with surrounding neighbourhoods, leading to physical and social separation. The significant economic investments and development in these areas can create pockets of wealth and prosperity that contrast sharply with surrounding regions, potentially fostering a sense of economic and social independence.Creating exclusive enclaves can exacerbate social and economic inequalities, leading to tensions between different communities. Autonomous areas might clash with national or local governments over jurisdictional and policy issues, complicating governance and regulatory oversight. The development of such exclusive areas can marginalize local cultures and communities, leading to cultural homogenization and loss of local heritage.Concerns are that PIK2 might follow a similar pattern, exacerbating socioeconomic segregation and limiting access to the new development for broader segments of the population. The creation of such exclusive areas can lead to cultural homogenization, where the local diversity is overshadowed by a dominant community. Critics worry that the unique cultural fabric of the area might be eroded, and the traditional ways of life of the displaced communities might be lost.PIK 1 has been criticized for creating an exclusive enclave predominantly for affluent Chinese-Indonesian residents. This has led to gentrification, pushing out lower-income residents who can no longer afford to live in the area. The development of PIK 1 involved land acquisition from residents, many of whom were compensated at rates considered unfairly low. This has resulted in the displacement of communities who struggled to find affordable housing elsewhere. The project has contributed to socioeconomic segregation, where the wealthy live in well-developed, secure environments while the displaced and poorer residents move to less developed and more vulnerable areas.The construction of PIK 1 involved crucial land reclamation and the destruction of mangroves and wetlands. These ecosystems are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and local fisheries. The alteration of natural landscapes and water drainage systems has increased the risk of flooding in Jakarta. Critics argue that the development has exacerbated the city's existing flood problems by reducing natural flood defenses. The construction and ongoing urban activities have contributed to pollution in the area, affecting air and water quality and leading to health concerns for both local communities and wildlife.Critics argue that the development process for PIK 1 lacked adequate public participation and consultation. Local communities were not sufficiently involved in the planning and decision-making processes, leading to decisions that did not fully consider their needs and concerns. There have been allegations of collusion between government officials and private developers. Critics point to the favourable treatment received by developers, such as expedited approvals and regulatory leniency, suggesting potential corruption. Inadequate regulatory oversight and enforcement have been highlighted as issues. Critics argue that the lack of stringent regulations and monitoring has allowed for environmentally damaging practices and unfair treatment of residents.The rapid urbanization and transformation of PIK 1 have led to the loss of cultural heritage and traditional ways of life for the displaced communities. The development has prioritized modern, upscale living over preserving local culture and history. The displacement and segregation resulting from PIK 1 have fragmented communities, disrupting social networks and support systems that are vital for community cohesion and resilience.The notion of these areas having their own rules raises questions about governance and accountability. If PIK 2 were to operate with a different set of regulations, it could create disparities in law enforcement, public services, and civic responsibilities, potentially undermining the authority of local and national governments. The history of PIK 1, which saw a similar pattern of development and community dynamics, serves as a cautionary tale for PIK 2. The exclusivity and perceived self-governance of PIK 1 has set a precedent that critics fear might be replicated in PIK 2.Overall, while PIK 2 promises modernization and economic growth, it is crucial to address these criticisms by ensuring inclusive development, fair compensation for displaced communities, and adherence to national regulations. Balancing progress with social equity will be key to the project's long-term success and acceptance.The PIK 2 project, given its scale and location, has indeed raised concerns about potential risks to Indonesian defence, sovereignty, and social cohesion. PIK 2 is situated along a critical sea route, which is not only vital for commercial shipping but also has strategic military importance. The construction and operation of such a large, privately-owned development in this area could pose challenges to the Indonesian Navy's monitoring and control of maritime traffic, potentially compromising national security.The development of PIK 2 involves significant infrastructure that could be leveraged for surveillance or other activities by private entities. If not adequately regulated, this could lead to unauthorized monitoring of maritime movements, posing a risk to national defence strategies.PIK 2 is entirely owned and operated by a conglomerate, which raises concerns about the extent of government oversight and control. The dominance of private interests in such a strategic area could undermine state sovereignty, especially if the conglomerate's actions are not aligned with national interests. The concentration of economic power in the hands of a private conglomerate could lead to disproportionate influence over local and national politics. This might result in policy decisions that favor private interests over public welfare, thereby weakening state authority and democratic processes.The development of an exclusive, affluent community in PIK 2 thus making it 'Project Sultan', could exacerbate existing socioeconomic disparities. If the project leads to the displacement of residents without adequate support, it could foster resentment and social tension. Similar to PIK 1, there is a risk that PIK 2 might cater predominantly to a specific demographic, potentially leading to cultural homogenization. This could erode the cultural diversity and social fabric of the region, diminishing the sense of community and inclusivity.To address these concerns, the Indonesian government must implement robust regulatory frameworks and oversight mechanisms. These might include ensuring transparent and fair compensation for displaced communities; establishing clear guidelines for private sector involvement in strategic areas; enhancing the capacity of local authorities to manage and monitor development projects; and promoting inclusive development practices that prioritize social equity and cohesion.There are several additional potential negative impacts of the PIK 2 project on Indonesia as a whole, beyond those related to defence, sovereignty, and social cohesion. These impacts encompass environmental, economic, and urban planning. The development of PIK 2 involves crucial land reclamation and construction along the coast. This can disrupt local ecosystems, including mangroves, wetlands, and marine habitats, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecological imbalance. Coastal development, especially on reclaimed land, can exacerbate flood risks. Alterations to natural water flow and drainage patterns can make the area more susceptible to flooding, which could impact not only the development itself but also surrounding communities. Large-scale construction and urbanization can lead to increased pollution, including air, water, and noise pollution. The rise in vehicular traffic, industrial activities, and construction can degrade the local environment and adversely affect public health.The PIK 2 project could lead to real estate speculation, driving up property prices in and around the development. This could make housing unaffordable for many locals, leading to gentrification and displacement of lower-income residents. The benefits of the PIK 2 project might disproportionately favour the wealthy and connected, widening the economic gap between the rich and the poor. This could result in increased socioeconomic inequality and tension. Heavy reliance on a single conglomerate for such a significant development can create economic vulnerabilities. If the conglomerate faces financial difficulties or shifts its priorities, it could have substantial repercussions for the local economy and employment.Rapid development can place a strain on existing public services and infrastructure, including healthcare, education, transportation, and sanitation. If not adequately planned and managed, this can lead to overcrowding, reduced quality of services, and increased pressure on local resources. PIK 2 could contribute to urban sprawl, leading to inefficient land use and increased commuting times. This can result in higher carbon emissions, greater traffic congestion, and a decline in the quality of life for residents. The creation of a high-end, exclusive community could overshadow local cultures and traditions. The influx of a more homogeneous, affluent population might marginalize local cultural practices and diminish the region's cultural heritage.To address these potential negative impacts, a holistic and inclusive approach to planning and development is necessary. This might include: implementing stringent environmental regulations and conservation measures; ensuring affordable housing options and protecting residents from displacement; investing in sustainable infrastructure and public services to support the growing population; encouraging community engagement and participation in the development process to preserve local culture and address the needs of all residents. By carefully considering and mitigating these potential negative impacts, the PIK2 project can contribute to Indonesia's growth while promoting sustainability, equity, and social cohesion.If the land was acquired from residents at significantly undervalued prices (e.g., IDR 50,000 per m²) and later sold at exorbitant rates (e.g., IDR 35,000,000 per m²), raises questions about fairness and transparency in the acquisition process. If the benefits of the project disproportionately favour private developers or certain government officials, it suggests potential conflicts of interest. This could include lucrative contracts, favourable regulatory changes, or exclusive development rights. The absence of clear, public records detailing the land acquisition process, compensation to displaced residents, and decision-making procedures can indicate potential collusion. Transparency is crucial to ensure accountability and fairness. If the project circumvents standard regulatory procedures or receives expedited approvals without proper scrutiny, it might suggest undue influence or collusion. Close relationships between government officials and private developers, such as family ties, business partnerships, or political alliances, can raise suspicions of collusion.Collusion can exacerbate economic inequality by transferring wealth and resources from the general public to a small group of private interests, leaving local communities disadvantaged. Perceived or actual collusion undermines public trust in government institutions and can lead to widespread cynicism about the fairness and integrity of public processes. Displacement of residents without fair compensation and the creation of exclusive communities can lead to social unrest, protests, and increased tension between different socioeconomic groups. Collusion can erode the rule of law by setting precedents for future projects where legal and ethical standards are compromised for private gain.Critics may raise concerns about large-scale real estate projects like PIK 2 potentially being used for money laundering. This issue is based on factors such as the influx of large sums of money, lack of transparency in transactions, and involvement of high-profile investors or entities with complex financial backgrounds.Real estate transactions often involve large sums of money, making them attractive for laundering illicit funds. Properties can be bought and sold at inflated or undervalued prices to mask the origin of the funds. Using shell companies, trusts, or other complex ownership structures can obscure the true owners of properties, making it difficult to trace the source of funds. Limited transparency in the real estate market, including anonymous buyers and sellers, can facilitate money laundering. Transactions conducted through cash or offshore accounts further complicate tracking.Frequent buying and selling of properties within short periods (flipping) can be used to launder money. These rapid transactions can help clean illicit funds by integrating them into the legitimate financial system. Unconventional financing methods, such as large cash payments, loans from obscure sources, or transactions with minimal documentation, can indicate potential money laundering activities.Authorities and financial institutions should conduct enhanced due diligence on high-value transactions and properties, especially those involving complex ownership structures. Collaboration with international agencies and sharing information on cross-border transactions can help trace illicit funds and prevent money laundering through real estate. Increasing public awareness about the risks of money laundering in real estate and protecting whistleblowers who report suspicious activities can enhance detection and prevention efforts.Socio-political tensions in Indonesia, especially involving prominent Chinese-Indonesian conglomerates, have deep historical roots and complex dynamics. Socio-political tensions refer to the strains, conflicts, or disagreements within a society that arise from differences in social, economic, and political interests, values, and power dynamics. These tensions can manifest in various forms, including protests, strikes, political instability, and social unrest. Understanding socio-political tensions is crucial for analysing the dynamics of a society and its governance.High levels of socio-political tension can lead to government instability, frequent changes in leadership, and challenges to state authority. Tensions can deter investment, reduce economic growth, and increase the cost of doing business due to instability and uncertainty. Protests, strikes, and riots are common manifestations of socio-political tensions. They can disrupt daily life and lead to violence and property damage. Persistent tensions can erode trust and cooperation among different social groups, weakening the social fabric and community bonds. In efforts to suppress dissent and manage tensions, governments may resort to heavy-handed measures that violate human rights and civil liberties.During the Dutch colonial period, Chinese immigrants played a significant role in trade and finance. The colonial government often positioned Chinese merchants as intermediaries, fostering economic success but also creating social divisions. After Indonesia gained independence in 1945, Chinese-Indonesians continued to be influential in the economy. However, their prominence often led to resentment among indigenous Indonesians (pribumi), who felt economically marginalized. Under President Suharto (1967-1998), the government fostered close ties with Chinese-Indonesian business elites, including conglomerates like the Salim Group. This relationship was mutually beneficial but also bred public suspicion and resentment. The 1998 Asian Financial Crisis exacerbated these tensions, leading to violent anti-Chinese riots and significant socio-political upheaval.The significant wealth gap between Chinese-Indonesians and indigenous Indonesians is a major source of tension. The economic success of Chinese-Indonesian conglomerates often contrasts sharply with the relative poverty of many pribumi communities. The close ties between Chinese-Indonesian business elites and political leaders have led to perceptions of favoritism, cronyism, and corruption. This undermines public trust in the government and fuels resentment. Chinese-Indonesians have faced discrimination and questions about their loyalty and citizenship. Despite their contributions to the economy, they have often been scapegoated during times of political and economic instability. Politicians have sometimes exploited ethnic and economic tensions for political gain, using anti-Chinese rhetoric to rally support among pribumi voters. This exacerbates social divisions and undermines national cohesion.Large-scale developments like BSD City often require significant land acquisition, displacing local communities. This can lead to tensions, especially if compensation is perceived as inadequate or unfair. High-end real estate projects can create affluent enclaves that are socially and economically disconnected from surrounding lower-income areas. This segregation can exacerbate social tensions and reinforce economic inequalities. Environmental degradation from large developments can affect local communities, leading to conflicts over land use and resource management. Critics argue that the benefits of such projects often do not reach the affected communities.The significant wealth gap between different groups, especially between Chinese-Indonesian business elites and indigenous Indonesians, can lead to resentment and conflict. Projects like BSD City, which involve substantial investments from powerful conglomerates, can exacerbate these disparities if not managed inclusively. Large-scale developments like BSD City often require significant land acquisition, displacing local communities. This can lead to tensions, especially if compensation is perceived as inadequate or unfair. High-end real estate projects can create affluent enclaves that are socially and economically disconnected from surrounding lower-income areas. This segregation can exacerbate social tensions and reinforce economic inequalities. Environmental degradation from large developments can affect local communities, leading to conflicts over land use and resource management. Critics argue that the benefits of such projects often do not reach the affected communities.Indonesia’s diverse population includes a range of ethnic and cultural groups. Tensions can arise when certain groups feel marginalized or discriminated against. Historically, Chinese-Indonesians have faced such challenges, contributing to socio-political tensions. Political leaders might exploit these tensions for electoral gains, leading to increased divisions. Perceptions of corruption and favouritism in large development projects can further erode trust in the government and exacerbate conflicts.Social cohesion is the strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community. It is characterized by mutual trust, shared values, and a sense of belonging. Socio-political tensions can lead to instability, riots, and violence, undermining national security and stability. For a nation to be strong, social cohesion is essential. Socio-political tensions will certainly harm both Chinese-Indonesian (of course Indonesian citizens) and native citizens.Implementing policies that promote equitable economic development and reduce disparities can address underlying causes of socio-political tensions. This includes support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), job creation, and social safety nets. Initiatives that promote social integration and cohesion can help bridge ethnic and economic divides. This includes inclusive education, cultural exchange programs, and community-building activities. Transparency in decision-making and regulatory processes can reduce perceptions of corruption and favoritism. Independent oversight and public accountability are essential for building trust. Ensuring that development projects include and benefit local communities can help mitigate tensions. This includes fair compensation for displaced residents, investments in local infrastructure, and community engagement in planning processes.In the context of large-scale development projects like PIK 2 and BSD City, these strategies often involve leveraging the support of influential business figures and conglomerates. Large-scale developers and conglomerates, like those behind PIK 2 and BSD City, possess substantial financial resources. Their support can be critical for political campaigns, providing funding for advertisements, rallies, and other campaign activities. Contributions from these entities can significantly bolster a candidate’s or party’s campaign. In return, these businesses often expect favourable policies and regulatory environments.Prominent business figures endorsing political candidates can influence public perception and sway voter opinions. Such endorsements can lend credibility and attract votes from specific demographics. Businesses with media holdings can also use their platforms to promote preferred candidates and shape public discourse.In regional elections, the support of local business elites can be decisive. For example, in areas surrounding PIK 2 and BSD City, candidates who align with the interests of these projects may gain substantial backing from developers. Candidates may campaign on promises to bring jobs and economic growth through these projects, appealing to local voters who may benefit directly. Developers might support candidates who promise favourable zoning laws and land use policies, allowing for easier project approvals and expansions. Politicians may offer tax breaks or other financial incentives to attract and retain the support of these businesses.The close relationship between politicians and business figures can lead to suspicions of corruption and quid pro quo arrangements, where political favours are exchanged for financial support. Lack of transparency in these dealings can undermine public trust in the political process and lead to calls for stricter regulations. The influence of wealthy business interests can skew democratic processes, giving disproportionate power to a small group of elites at the expense of broader public interests. Prioritizing the interests of developers can exacerbate social inequality, especially if development projects lead to displacement or fail to benefit local communities.As I mentioned before, PIK 2 and BSD City can be likened 'The Venice of Jakarta, but with Dragons,' promising modern urban marvels. However, beneath the surface, they may also be seen as political chess pieces in a high-stakes game of power and influence. While PIK 2 and BSD City may promise grandeur and development akin to Venice, it also brings unforeseen challenges and controversies, a 'Mirage of Modernity Amidst a Desert of Displacement', much like encountering a mirage in a desert—illusory and potentially dangerous. It can be an 'Urban Utopias', or perhaps a 'Political Pawn Games', thus the oath 'NKRI (The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia) is a fixed price' is just a meaningless bark.Overall, state projects play a crucial role in shaping the socio-economic landscape of a country, improving quality of life for its citizens, and advancing sustainable development goals while addressing challenges and opportunities within the national context.In the next episode, we will discuss Military Strength. Strong states often have strategic alliances that enhance their security and global influence. A robust military capable of defending the nation against external threats. Biidhnillah."Then Seruni sang,If you're looking for a signSomething to carry you back into the lightLove is the answerLove is the answer *)
Citations & References:
- M Said Didu (@msaid_didu), Manusia Merdeka-MSD, YouTube
- Hersubeno Point, Said Didu: Saya Sangat Khawatir PIK-2 Bisa Lepas dari NKRI, Seperti Singapura Lepas dari Malaysia!, YouTube
- Bambang Susantono, Arifin Rudiyanto, & Ananda B. Siregar, Indonesia's Infrastructure Development: Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability, 2020, Asian Development Bank Institute
- Jonathan White, The Politics of Crisis: An Introduction to the Study of Crisis Politics, 2021, Oxford University Press
*) "Love is the Answer" written by Natalie Ann Howard & Armon Jay Cheek
