"Once upon a time in the fictional kingdom of Kurujenggala, Prabu Jengglongjaya hatched a grand plan: relocating the capital. But this wasn’t your ordinary move—it was a spectacle of absurdity.The king decided to send 500 loyal supporters to the new capital. Their mission? To dance, sing, and wave banners. Meanwhile, the common folk scratched their heads and wondered if this was a royal prank.Next came the grand birthday celebration. King Prabu invited 2800 guests—nobles, dignitaries, and influencers. They sipped champagne, nibbled on canapés, and discussed the weather. Meanwhile, the treasury accountants cringed, knowing that each champagne flute cost a small fortune.But wait, the pièce de résistance! The king promised a bonus of 100 million golden coins to any bureaucrat willing to relocate to the new capital. The catch? The treasury would foot the debt. It was like buying a fancy hat on credit—eventually, someone else pays the bill. The derelict, however, were left waiting. Their needs? Considered like a college, Tertiary.. Their patience? Admirable, tested for 10 years.And so, Jengglongjolly’s capital relocation saga unfolded—a tale of misplaced prerogative, bureaucratic acrobatics, and a treasury that groaned louder than a medieval minstrel. The poor? They’d have to admire the 'Titik Nol' statues from afar, whispering, 'Look, children, that’s where our tax money went!'"[Disclaimer: Any resemblance to real kingdoms, living or defunct, is purely coincidental. Jengglongjolly exists solely in the realm of satire]"Let's imagine a wise old tree standing in the middle of a lush garden. This tree represents the fusion of Intellectual and Normative Leadership. Its deep roots symbolize a strong foundation of ethical values and principles, anchoring it firmly to the ground. The branches stretch out wide and high, much like the lighthouse’s beam, providing shade and shelter while reaching for the sky with innovative ideas and knowledge.Just as the tree offers guidance and protection to the garden’s inhabitants, an intellectual and normative leader provides both vision and moral direction. They create an environment where growth and learning flourish, ensuring that everyone under their canopy thrives in a space of integrity and wisdom. Intellectual and Normative Leadership is considered a key reason for a nation's international influence because it involves shaping global ideas, norms, and values," Seruni continued the discussion."Intellectual leadership involves generating and disseminating new ideas, knowledge, and innovations. It refers to a nation's or institution's ability to lead in thought, research, and innovation. Intellectual leaders influence global discourse through contributions in science, technology, philosophy, and academia. They shape how people understand complex issues, set new directions for development, and inspire others to think differently. This leadership is often associated with countries that invest heavily in education, research, and cultural institutions.Imagine a lighthouse standing tall on a rocky shore. The lighthouse represents Intellectual Leadership. Just as a lighthouse guides ships safely through treacherous waters with its bright, unwavering light, an intellectual leader illuminates the path forward with knowledge, insight, and innovative thinking. They help others navigate complex challenges and find their way to safe harbours of understanding and progress.Normative leadership, on the other hand, involves promoting and upholding certain norms, values, and standards within the international community. It is about guiding the behaviour of states, organizations, and individuals by advocating for certain ethical principles, legal standards, and social norms. Normative leaders set expectations for what is considered acceptable or desirable behaviour in the global arena. They may champion causes like human rights, environmental protection, democracy, or international law, thereby influencing global policies and practices.Now, picture a gardener tending to a diverse and vibrant garden. This gardener symbolizes Normative Leadership. Just as a gardener nurtures plants by providing the right conditions for growth—sunlight, water, and care—a normative leader cultivates an environment of ethical behaviour and moral principles. They ensure that their team or organization thrives by adhering to shared values and norms, fostering a culture of integrity and mutual respect.Intellectual leadership focuses on the creation and dissemination of knowledge and ideas, while normative leadership emphasizes the promotion and enforcement of norms and values. Intellectual leadership aims to expand understanding, drive innovation, and influence thought processes. Normative leadership seeks to shape behaviour and establish standards for conduct within the international community. Intellectual leaders influence through thought leadership, research, and education. Normative leaders influence through advocacy, diplomacy, and the promotion of ethical or moral standards. Both types of leadership contribute to a nation's or institution's international influence, but they do so in different ways. Intellectual leadership shapes how people think, while normative leadership shapes how people and nations are expected to act.Intellectual leadership and normative leadership often complement each other and can be used together to describe a comprehensive form of leadership on the international stage. The combination of intellectual and normative leadership can be used to describe a nation's or institution's ability to influence global discourse through both the generation of knowledge and the promotion of values and standards. By excelling in intellectual pursuits, a nation can offer innovative ideas and solutions, while also advocating for ethical principles and norms that guide international behavior. For example, a country might demonstrate intellectual leadership by leading in scientific research on climate change and normative leadership by advocating for international agreements on environmental protection. Together, these forms of leadership can establish the country as a global leader in addressing environmental issues, influencing both the understanding of the problem and the actions taken to address it.Using both terms allows for a fuller description of the multifaceted ways in which a nation can exert influence and leadership in the world, combining thought leadership with a commitment to ethical standards and norms.Nations with intellectual and normative leadership can influence international priorities and the direction of global discourse. By promoting certain ideas or values, they can set the agenda on issues like human rights, environmental standards, economic policies, or governance practices.Unlike hard power, which relies on military and economic might, intellectual and normative leadership is a form of soft power. It involves persuading others to adopt certain perspectives or policies through the appeal of cultural, ideological, and moral influence. This can enhance a nation's attractiveness and legitimacy on the world stage.By championing widely accepted norms and values, nations can form coalitions and partnerships with other countries and international organizations. This can lead to greater cooperation and collective action on global challenges. Normative leadership helps in establishing and maintaining international norms and laws that contribute to global stability. By advocating for rules-based international systems, nations can promote peace, security, and cooperation.Nations with strong intellectual and normative leadership can shape how they are perceived globally. This can enhance their reputation and influence, making them key players in international affairs. Intellectual leadership often involves promoting new ideas, technologies, and approaches to global challenges. By being at the forefront of innovation, nations can lead in creating solutions that have a global impact.
Here are a few countries known for their strong intellectual and normative leadership. Renowned for its robust education system and innovative research, Germany is a leader in intellectual pursuits. It also emphasizes ethical governance and social responsibility.With a strong focus on technology and innovation, Japan excels in intellectual leadership. Its cultural emphasis on respect, harmony, and ethical behaviour highlights its normative leadership.Known for its high-quality education and research institutions, Sweden also places a strong emphasis on social welfare and ethical standards, making it a leader in both intellectual and normative domains.Canada is recognized for its contributions to research and innovation. It also upholds strong ethical standards and inclusive policies, reflecting its normative leadership.South Korea’s advancements in technology and education showcase its intellectual leadership. The country also promotes ethical business practices and social responsibility.These countries exemplify how intellectual and normative leadership can be combined to create environments that foster innovation, ethical behaviour, and social progress.
Ingo Stolz and Sylvie Oldenziel Scherrer (et alia) explore the complexities and challenges of leading in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. Leaders must understand and respect cultural differences, adapt their management style to various cultural contexts, and effectively communicate with diverse teams. Effective cross-cultural communication is crucial for international leadership. Listening skills, empathy, and the ability to decode non-verbal cues in diverse cultural settings are important.In a boundaryless world, leaders often manage virtual and remote teams. Stolz and Scherrer explore best practices for leading these teams, including building trust, ensuring clear communication, and leveraging technology to maintain team cohesion. It addresses challenges such as time zone differences, virtual collaboration, and maintaining engagement in remote settings.A global mindset is essential for leaders in multinational organizations. Stolz and Scherrer discuss how leaders can cultivate a global mindset by being open to new experiences, seeking diverse perspectives, and understanding global market dynamics. They also cover strategic thinking, highlighting the need for leaders to consider global trends, economic conditions, and political factors when making decisions. They underscore the importance of ethical and responsible leadership in an international context. Stolz and Scherrer explore how leaders can navigate ethical dilemmas, uphold corporate social responsibility, and promote sustainability. They stress the need for leaders to act with integrity and prioritise the well-being of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, and communities.Leaders must develop a deep understanding of cultural differences and how these affect business practices. This includes recognizing and respecting different attitudes toward change, innovation, and risk-taking in various cultures. By encouraging an open-minded and curious approach allows leaders to explore new ideas, technologies, and practices from around the world. This global mindset helps leaders to be more adaptable and responsive to global trends and changes.Leaders need to articulate a clear vision for change that aligns with the organization's global strategy. Effective communication of this vision helps to build buy-in and reduce resistance to change across diverse teams. They may involve key stakeholders from different regions and cultural backgrounds in the decision-making process. This inclusive approach ensures that change initiatives are culturally appropriate and consider diverse perspectives.Intellectual leaders are characterised by their focus on knowledge, ideas, and intellectual development. They inspire others through their vision and understanding of complex issues. Stolz and Scherrer emphasise the importance of creating an environment where knowledge is freely shared across borders. Leaders are encouraged to foster a culture of continuous learning and intellectual curiosity, which aligns with intellectual leadership. This includes supporting professional development, encouraging the exploration of new ideas, and facilitating cross-cultural knowledge exchange.Intellectual leaders are often strategic thinkers who provide a clear vision for the future. Stolz and Scherrer discuss the importance of leaders articulating a compelling vision that guides the organization in a global context. This vision often includes navigating complex global challenges and leveraging intellectual capital to drive innovation and growth.The emphasis on fostering a culture of innovation and creativity aligns with intellectual leadership. Leaders are encouraged to challenge the status quo, encourage critical thinking, and support the development of innovative solutions. This approach helps build a knowledge-driven organization that can adapt to global changes.Normative leaders focus on values, ethics, and the norms that guide behaviour within an organization. They emphasize moral leadership and the importance of aligning actions with core values. Stolz and Scherrer highlight the importance of ethical leadership in a global context. Normative leaders are expected to uphold ethical standards and act as role models. This includes promoting corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and ethical decision-making. Leaders are encouraged to navigate ethical dilemmas with integrity, ensuring that the organization's actions align with its values.Normative leadership involves creating an organizational culture that reflects shared values and norms. Stolz and Scherrer discuss the role of leaders in fostering an inclusive culture that respects diversity and promotes fairness. This includes implementing policies that ensure equal opportunities and protect employee rights, regardless of cultural or regional differences.Normative leaders are responsible for clearly communicating the organization's core values and ensuring they are consistently applied across all levels. Stolz and Scherrer emphasize the importance of transparency and accountability in leadership. Leaders are encouraged to set a positive example and reinforce the organization's values through their actions and decisions.Satinder K. Dhiman, Joan F. Marques, June Schmieder-Ramirez, and Petros G. Malakyan delve into various aspects of leadership and followership, integrating theories and practices from both Western and Eastern perspectives. Intellectual leaders are pivotal in generating new ideas and knowledge. They often drive innovation and thought leadership within organizations and societies. Intellectual leaders are often at the forefront of innovation. They encourage the exploration of new ideas and approaches, fostering an environment where creativity and critical thinking thrive. These leaders contribute significantly to thought leadership within their fields. They not only generate new knowledge but also disseminate it through publications, conferences, and other platforms, influencing both academic and practical domains.Intellectual leaders often mentor others, helping to develop the next generation of thinkers and leaders. They provide guidance and support, encouraging continuous learning and professional growth. They are adept at integrating knowledge from various disciplines, which is essential for addressing complex global challenges. This interdisciplinary approach allows for more comprehensive and innovative solutions. Intellectual leaders bring a global perspective to their work, understanding and incorporating diverse cultural and contextual factors. This global outlook is crucial for creating knowledge that is relevant and applicable across different regions and cultures.These leaders shape the intellectual climate of their organizations by fostering an environment that encourages critical thinking, creativity, and continuous learning. Dhiman (et al.) emphasize the importance of intellectual leaders in bridging cultural divides and integrating diverse perspectives to address global challenges such as climate change, social justice, and economic inequality.Intellectual leaders create a culture that values continuous learning and development. They encourage employees to seek new knowledge, engage in professional development, and stay updated with industry trends.By championing creativity and critical thinking, intellectual leaders cultivate an innovative atmosphere. They support experimentation and are open to new ideas, which can lead to breakthrough solutions and advancements. These leaders advocate for open and transparent communication within the organization. They value diverse perspectives and create platforms for employees to share their ideas and feedback.Intellectual leaders set high standards for intellectual rigor and excellence. They lead by example, demonstrating a commitment to quality and thoroughness in their work. They emphasize the importance of collaboration and teamwork. By fostering a collaborative environment, intellectual leaders ensure that knowledge is shared and leveraged across the organization.Normative leaders are characterised by their strong moral integrity. They adhere to ethical principles and ensure that their actions align with these values, setting a positive example for others. These leaders prioritise ethical considerations in their decision-making processes. They weigh the potential impacts of their decisions on various stakeholders and strive to make choices that promote fairness, justice, and the greater good. Ethical leaders maintain transparency in their actions and decisions. They are accountable for their behaviour and encourage a culture of openness and honesty within their organizations.Normative leaders actively promote ethical behaviour among their followers. They create policies and practices that support ethical conduct and provide training and resources to help employees understand and adhere to ethical standards. These leaders are committed to social responsibility. They consider the broader societal impacts of their actions and work towards initiatives that benefit the community and environment.Normative leaders ensure that their decisions align with the core values and ethical principles of their organization. This alignment helps maintain integrity and trust within the organization. These leaders consider the long-term impacts of their decisions, prioritizing sustainability and the well-being of future generations. They avoid short-term gains that could compromise ethical standards or harm stakeholders. Value-based decision-making involves considering the needs and interests of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and the community. Normative leaders strive to make decisions that are fair and beneficial to all parties involved.Normative leaders practice transparency in their decision-making processes. They communicate the rationale behind their decisions and are accountable for the outcomes, fostering a culture of trust and openness. When faced with ethical dilemmas, normative leaders rely on their core values to guide their decisions. They seek to resolve conflicts in a way that upholds their ethical standards and promotes the greater good.Normative leaders recognize and respect the diverse cultural backgrounds of their team members. They understand that cultural differences can influence perspectives, behaviours, and communication styles. These leaders implement inclusive practices that ensure all voices are heard and valued. They create an environment where everyone feels respected and included, regardless of their cultural background.Normative leaders develop cultural competence by learning about different cultures and their customs. This knowledge helps them navigate cross-cultural interactions more effectively and build stronger relationships. They are adaptable and flexible in their approach, adjusting their leadership style to accommodate cultural differences. This adaptability is crucial for leading diverse teams and fostering a collaborative environment.Normative leaders adopt a global mindset, understanding the interconnectedness of the world. They appreciate the value of diverse perspectives in solving global challenges and strive to integrate these perspectives into their decision-making processes.Now, based on the characteristics of intellectual and normative leadership we've discussed, let’s categorize the three presidential and vice-presidential candidates for the 2024 Indonesian election. We begin with the elected and candidate presidents, then the elected and candidate vice presidents.Prabowo Subianto’s leadership style is multifaceted, reflecting his diverse experiences in the military, business, and politics. Prabowo is known for his charismatic presence, which helps him connect with supporters and rally them around his vision. He often uses powerful rhetoric to inspire and motivate his followers, emphasizing national pride and unity.Prabowo’s military background has instilled in him a strong focus on achieving results. He prioritizes efficiency and effectiveness in his leadership approach. He values discipline and order, often implementing structured and systematic processes to achieve organizational goals. Prabowo is known for his strategic thinking, often planning meticulously to achieve his objectives. His leadership style has sometimes been described as a top-down approach to decision-making.Prabowo has utilized populist rhetoric to appeal to the broader population, often positioning himself as a defender of the common people against elite interests. He frequently emphasizes nationalistic themes, promoting Indonesia’s sovereignty and independence. Over the years, Prabowo has shown an ability to adapt and transform his political image. From being seen as a populist with authoritarian tendencies, he has worked to present himself as a more approachable and technocratic figure. He has strategically formed alliances, including aligning with President Joko Widodo, to strengthen his political position.Prabowo has a military background and has been involved in politics for many years. His leadership style often emphasizes discipline, strategic thinking, and a strong nationalistic approach. These traits align more with normative leadership, particularly in terms of ethical leadership and value-based decision-making. He has a clear set of values and principles that guide his decisions, often focusing on national security and sovereignty.Prabowo Subianto certainly has the potential to embody both intellectual and normative leadership qualities. Prabowo’s military background has equipped him with strong strategic thinking skills. This ability to plan and execute complex strategies is a key aspect of intellectual leadership. His extensive experience in politics and governance provides a rich knowledge base that he can draw upon to innovate and lead effectively. Prabowo has engaged with international leaders and organizations, which can help him integrate diverse perspectives and address global challenges. By leveraging his strengths in both areas, Prabowo can potentially be a well-rounded leader who combines strategic innovation with strong ethical principles.Anies Baswedan’s leadership style is multifaceted, reflecting his diverse background in academia, governance, and public service. Anies has a strong academic background, having served as a university rector and an education minister. This experience has shaped his intellectual approach to leadership, emphasizing knowledge creation and dissemination. As the Governor of Jakarta, Anies introduced several innovative policies, particularly in education and urban development. His focus on evidence-based policy-making highlights his intellectual leadership. Anies is known for his commitment to ethical governance. He has often emphasized transparency, accountability, and integrity in his administration. His leadership style includes a strong focus on social justice and inclusivity. He has implemented programs aimed at reducing inequality and improving access to essential services for marginalized communities.Anies is known for his collaborative approach, engaging with various stakeholders, including community leaders, NGOs, and international organizations. This inclusivity helps in creating more comprehensive and accepted policies. He encourages public participation in governance, often seeking input from citizens on key issues. This participatory approach fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among the public.Anies has a global outlook, having studied and worked abroad. This perspective allows him to integrate global best practices into his leadership and address issues with a broader understanding. Anies Baswedan’s leadership style combines intellectual rigor with ethical principles, fostering innovation and inclusivity. His ability to engage with diverse stakeholders and maintain a global perspective makes him a well-rounded leader.Anies has a strong background in education and policy-making, emphasizing knowledge creation, innovation, and a global perspective. These traits align well with intellectual leadership. But he indeed has the potential to embody both intellectual and normative leadership qualities. Anies is known for his commitment to ethical governance, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and integrity in his administration. His leadership style includes a strong focus on social justice and inclusivity. He has implemented programs aimed at reducing inequality and improving access to essential services for marginalized communities. Anies has demonstrated cultural sensitivity in his policies and interactions, promoting inclusivity and respect for diverse cultural backgrounds. By leveraging his strengths in both intellectual and normative leadership, Anies Baswedan has the potential to be a well-rounded leader who can drive innovation while maintaining strong ethical standards.Ganjar Pranowo’s leadership style is characterized by several key elements that reflect his approach to governance and public service. Ganjar is known for his direct engagement with the public. He often interacts with citizens through social media and public forums, making himself accessible and approachable. He promotes open communication within his administration, encouraging dialogue between different levels of government and the public.Ganjar’s leadership style is often described as energetic and extroverted. He actively engages with the community, making him a popular figure among the public. Ganjar Pranowo’s leadership style combines direct public engagement, innovative use of technology, collaborative governance, and a strong focus on social welfare. His approachability and energetic public presence have made him a well-regarded leader in Central Java. As the former governor of Central Java, Ganjar has demonstrated a pragmatic and inclusive approach to governance. He emphasizes transparency, accountability, and community engagement, which are key aspects of normative leadership.As the son of the current president, Gibran Rakabuming Raka has been involved in local governance and business. Similar to his father, Gibran often engages directly with the public. Gibran’s background in business, particularly in the culinary industry, has influenced his leadership style. He brings an entrepreneurial mindset to governance, focusing on innovation and efficiency. Gibran’s leadership style combines elements of innovation and youthful energy. His approachability and responsiveness have made him a popular figure in local governance. He has shown that his emphasis on business practices and community development leans more towards normative leadership.Muhaimin Iskandar, also known as Cak Imin, has a distinctive leadership style shaped by his long tenure in Indonesian politics and his role as the chairman of the National Awakening Party (PKB). Muhaimin has been described as having a centralistic leadership style, but he often emphasizes ethical considerations in his public statements and policy proposals.Muhaimin has demonstrated resilience and strategic acumen in navigating political challenges. His ability to form strategic alliances, such as his partnership with Anies Baswedan for the 2024 presidential election, showcases his political savvy and adaptability.His leadership often emphasizes the importance of community and religious values, aligning with the interests and concerns of his constituents. Muhaimin’s leadership reflects a deep understanding of Indonesia’s diverse cultural landscape. He promotes policies that respect and incorporate cultural and religious values.Muhaimin Iskandar’s leadership style is a blend of centralized control, strategic resilience, grassroots engagement, and populist appeal. His ability to navigate complex political landscapes and maintain strong community ties has been a significant factor in his long-standing leadership. His leadership style often focuses on ethical considerations and cultural sensitivity, aligning more with normative leadership.Prof. Mahfud MD, a prominent Indonesian politician and legal academic, has a leadership style that reflects his extensive experience in law, governance, and academia. As a former Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court and the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs, Mahfud MD has a strong focus on upholding the rule of law. His decisions and policies are often grounded in legal principles and ethical considerations. He emphasizes integrity and accountability in governance, advocating for transparency and ethical conduct in public office.Mahfud MD’s academic background, including his role as a professor of constitutional law, contributes to his intellectual approach to leadership. He values knowledge creation and dissemination, often engaging in public discourse on legal and political issues. His academic insights inform his policy-making, leading to innovative solutions that address complex legal and political challenges.Mahfud MD is known for his collaborative approach, engaging with various stakeholders, including government officials, academics, and civil society organizations. This inclusivity helps in creating well-rounded and accepted policies. He encourages public participation in governance, often seeking input from citizens and experts to inform his decisions.Throughout his career, Mahfud MD has demonstrated resilience in navigating political and legal challenges. His ability to adapt to changing circumstances has been a key factor in his sustained influence in Indonesian politics. His strategic approach to leadership allows him to effectively address both immediate and long-term issues, balancing practical considerations with broader goals. Mahfud MD’s leadership style reflects a deep respect for Indonesia’s cultural diversity. He promotes policies that are inclusive and considerate of the country’s various cultural and religious communities.Prof. Mahfud MD’s leadership style combines a strong legal and ethical foundation with intellectual rigour, collaborative engagement, and cultural sensitivity. His ability to navigate complex political landscapes and maintain a focus on integrity and accountability has made him a respected figure in Indonesian governance. He brings a strong intellectual background to his leadership. His focus on legal reforms, ethical governance, and knowledge dissemination aligns well with intellectual leadership.Prof. Mahfud emphasizes integrity, transparency, and accountability in his leadership. He advocates for ethical conduct in public office and upholding the rule of law. His policies often reflect a commitment to social justice and inclusivity. He works towards ensuring that governance benefits all segments of society, particularly marginalized communities. Prof. Mahfud’s leadership style includes a deep respect for Indonesia’s cultural diversity. He promotes policies that are inclusive and considerate of the country’s various cultural and religious communities. By leveraging his strengths in both intellectual and normative leadership, Prof. Mahfud MD has the potential to be a well-rounded leader who can drive innovation while maintaining strong ethical standards.Bob Davids, Brian M. Carney, and Isaac Getz explore the concept of leadership that focuses on humility, empowerment, and the importance of removing ego from leadership roles. They argue that effective leadership involves setting aside personal pride, status, and self-interest to focus on the needs and development of the team and organization.Leaders recognize that they do not have all the answers and are open to learning from others, regardless of their position. They acknowledge their limitations and mistakes, fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Instead of micromanaging or controlling every aspect of the work, leaders trust and empower their team members to make decisions and take ownership of their tasks. This approach encourages creativity, innovation, and personal growth within the team.Leaders are genuine and transparent in their interactions. They build trust by being honest, approachable, and consistent in their actions and decisions. Leaders work collaboratively with their teams, valuing diverse perspectives and fostering open communication. They understand that the best solutions often come from collective input rather than individual directives.Davids, Carney, and Getz suggest that leaders can set aside personal pride, status, and self-interest by embracing specific attitudes and practices that prioritize the well-being and success of others. Leaders should engage in regular self-reflection to understand their motivations, strengths, weaknesses, and potential biases. By being aware of their own ego, they can recognize when it's influencing their decisions and consciously choose to act differently.Leaders should prioritize long-term success and the sustainable growth of their organization over short-term personal gains. This approach helps shift the emphasis away from ego-driven decisions that may provide immediate gratification but are detrimental in the long run. By consistently applying these principles, leaders can cultivate an environment where the focus is on collective achievement, personal growth, and the overall success of the organization, rather than on personal pride, status, or self-interest.We’ve delved into the crucial roles of intellectual and normative leadership. Next, we’ll explore the exciting world of strategic alliances and partnerships. Biidhnillah."Following that, Seruni enchanted us with a poem,In wisdom’s light, the leaders stand,Guiding with both heart and hand.Norms they set, with intellect bright,Leading us through day and night.
Citations & References:
- Ingo Stolz & Sylvie Oldenziel Scherrer (Eds.), International Leadership: Effecting Success Across Borders in a Boundaryless World, 2022, Springer Gabler
- Satinder K. Dhiman, Joan F. Marques, June Schmieder-Ramires & Petro G. Malakyan (Eds.), Handbook of Global Leadership and Followership: Integrating the Best Leadership Theory and Practice, 2023, Springer
- Bob Davids, Brian M. Carney & Isaac Getz, Leadership without Ego: How to Stop Managing and Start Leading, 2019, Palgrave
